Including 的含义在中文中

“包括”这个词在日常英语中常用来表示某个整体中包含的部分或特定的项目。它可以用于各种场合，包括正式和非正式的对话。

使用场景

列举项目：在谈论某个主题时，可以用“including”来列出具体的例子。
- 例句：The package includes a laptop, a charger, and a user manual.（这个包裹包括一个笔记本电脑、一个充电器和一本用户手册。）
表达范围：可以用来说明某个类别或范围内的特定元素。
- 例句：Many fruits are rich in vitamins, including oranges and strawberries.（许多水果富含维生素，包括橙子和草莓。）
强调某些部分：在讨论时，使用“including”可以强调某些特别重要的部分。
- 例句：The team has many talented players, including the top scorer.（这个团队有许多有才华的球员，包括最佳得分手。）

常见短语

“including but not limited to” （包括但不限于）：用于法律或正式文件中，表示所列内容只是部分。
“including myself” （包括我自己）：用于强调某人也在所列的范围内。

常见错误

误用“including”：有时学习者会用“including”来替代“such as”，但这两个词的用法有所不同。“including”通常用于列举，而“such as”则用于给出例子。
- 错误例句：I like fruits including apples, bananas, such as oranges.（错误用法）
- 正确例句：I like fruits such as apples, bananas, and oranges.（正确用法）

发音细节

“including”的发音为 /ɪnˈkluː.dɪŋ/。注意重音在第二个音节上。

语法与词源

“including”是动词“include”的现在分词形式，来源于拉丁语“includere”，意为“封闭在内”。在语法上，它通常用于引导一个短语，后面跟着具体的例子或项目。

Including 的含义在中文中

包括

例子:

The package includes a warranty.

这个包裹包括保修。

The team consists of many players, including the captain.

这个团队由许多球员组成，包括队长。

使用: formal/informal语境: Used in both written and spoken language to indicate that something is part of a larger group.

笔记: 常用于列举或说明某一事物包含的具体内容。

包含在内

例子:

The price includes taxes.

这个价格包含在内税金。

All costs, including shipping, must be paid upfront.

所有费用，包括运费，必须提前支付。

使用: formal/informal语境: Used when discussing costs or items that are part of a total.

笔记: 通常用于经济活动或交易中。

算入

例子:

Don't forget to include your hobbies in the resume.

别忘了在简历中算入你的爱好。

Make sure to include all relevant details.

确保算入所有相关细节。

使用: formal/informal语境: Used in writing or discussions where details or elements are being summarized or identified.

笔记: 常用于学术或专业写作中。

Including的同义词

Including

Including is used to indicate that something or someone is part of a larger group or set.

例子: The picnic will have various activities, including games and a barbecue.

笔记:

Like

Like is used to compare or give examples of things that are similar to what is being mentioned.

例子: I enjoy outdoor activities like hiking and swimming.

笔记: Like is more informal and is often used in spoken language, while including is more formal.

Including的表达方式，常用短语

Including but not limited to

This phrase is often used to emphasize that the list provided is not exhaustive and there may be other items included beyond those mentioned.

例子: The event welcomes all participants, including but not limited to students, teachers, and parents.

笔记: This phrase adds a layer of emphasis on the fact that the list is not exclusive.

Such as

This phrase is used to introduce examples of something that is being discussed.

例子: We offer a variety of desserts such as cakes, cookies, and ice cream.

笔记: It specifically provides examples rather than a comprehensive list.

For example

Similar to 'such as,' this phrase is used to introduce examples or instances of what has been mentioned.

例子: There are many outdoor activities to enjoy, for example, hiking, biking, and camping.

笔记: It is more commonly used to introduce specific examples in a discussion.

Among others

This phrase is used to suggest that there are more items or people in a particular group than the ones mentioned.

例子: The store sells a variety of products, including clothing, accessories, and beauty products, among others.

笔记: It implies that there are additional items or people not explicitly listed.

Not limited to

This phrase indicates that the scope is broader than the examples given.

例子: The conference is open to professionals from various fields, not limited to medicine and technology.

笔记: It emphasizes that there are more possibilities beyond the mentioned categories.

Etcetera (etc.)

This Latin term is used to indicate that there are other similar things that could be included in a list.

例子: The party will have music, games, food, drinks, etc.

笔记: It is a more informal way of indicating additional items in a list.

And more

This phrase implies that there are additional items in a list that are not explicitly mentioned.

例子: The bookstore offers a wide selection of genres, including fiction, non-fiction, mystery, romance, and more.

笔记: It suggests that there are further items beyond those mentioned.

Including的日常（俚语）表达

And stuff

'And stuff' is a casual way to indicate additional items without specifying each one explicitly.

例子: I need to buy groceries like milk, bread, eggs, and stuff.

笔记: 'And stuff' is more informal and less precise compared to 'including.'

And all

'And all' is used to imply that everything related to the topic is included without listing each detail.

例子: We provide services for weddings - catering, decorations, flowers, and all.

笔记: Similar to 'including,' but 'and all' suggests completeness in a more casual manner.

Or whatever

'Or whatever' conveys a sense of informality and flexibility, indicating that any suitable option is acceptable.

例子: Just bring snacks, drinks, or whatever you think we might need for the trip.

笔记: Less specific and formal than 'including,' 'or whatever' implies a laid-back approach.

And whatnot

'And whatnot' is used to indicate additional items or things related to a topic without specifying them individually.

例子: We need tools, paint, brushes, and whatnot for the DIY project.

笔记: Similar to 'including,' but 'and whatnot' adds a casual or vague tone to the list.

And things like that

This phrase is used to suggest similar things or activities without naming each one specifically.

例子: She enjoys reading, watching movies, and things like that in her free time.

笔记: 'And things like that' is more conversational and informal compared to 'including.'

Among other things

This phrase signifies that there were additional things or activities, not explicitly mentioned, that were also part of a situation or list.

例子: We visited museums, parks, shops, among other things, during our vacation.

笔记: While similar to 'including' in suggesting additional items, 'among other things' implies a broader scope.

Including - 例子

I will purchase the vacation package if you will include car rental.

如果你包括租车，我就会购买这个度假套餐。

The price includes taxes and fees.

价格包括税费。

The box contains various items, including a pen and a notebook.

这个盒子里包含各种物品，包括一支笔和一个笔记本。

The trip includes visits to several cities, including Paris and Rome.

这次旅行包括对几个城市的访问，包括巴黎和罗马。

Including的语法

Including - 动词 (Verb) / 动词，动名词或现在分词 (Verb, gerund or present participle)

词元: include

变位

动词，过去时 (Verb, past tense): included

动词，动名词或现在分词 (Verb, gerund or present participle): including

动词，第三人称单数现在时 (Verb, 3rd person singular present): includes

动词，原形 (Verb, base form): include

动词，非第三人称单数现在时 (Verb, non-3rd person singular present): include

音节、划分和重音

Including 包含2个音节: in • clude

音标: in-ˈklüd

in clude , in ˈklüd (红色音节是重读的)

Including - 重要性和使用频率

词频和重要性指数显示一个词在特定语言中出现的频率。数字越小，词语使用频率越高。最常用的词通常在1到4000之间。

Including: 400 - 500 (极其常见).

这个重要性指数帮助你在语言学习过程中集中于最有用的词语。